Two way dynamic coupling mechanisms between the stratosphere and troposphere in the extratopics:
(i) The systematic downward propagation of geopotential height and zonal wind anomalies in the extratropics;
(Kodera and Kuroda 1990; Baldwin and Dunkerton 1999; Baldwin and Dunkerton 2001; Cai and Ren 2007; Ren and Cai 2007)
(ii) The delayed feedbacks of the stratosphere to the upward propagation of tropospheric Rossby waves;
(Hartley et al. 1998; Limpavusan and Hartmann 2000; Ambaum and Hoskins 2002; Polvani and Waugh 2004; Kuroda 2008)
(iii) The downward control principle and with transient eddy feedbacks;
(Haynes et al. 1991; Song and Robinson 2004)
(iv) The reflection of planetary waves;
(Perlwitz and Harnik 2003)
(v) The invertibility principle of potential vorticity.
(Hartley et al. 1998)